RF coaxial connectors are critical electronic components used to transmit high-frequency signals. Their core function is to provide reliable electrical connections between devices while maintaining signal integrity. Their structural design directly impacts transmission performance and primarily includes key components such as the inner conductor, outer conductor, dielectric support, and outer housing.
The inner conductor, the central conductive component of the connector, is typically made of a copper alloy (such as beryllium copper or phosphor bronze) and plated with gold or silver to enhance conductivity and corrosion resistance. The precision of the inner conductor directly impacts signal transmission efficiency, so its dimensional tolerances and surface finish must be strictly controlled.
The outer conductor, serving as a shield, is typically made of copper alloy or stainless steel and is also plated for enhanced oxidation resistance. The outer conductor's primary function is to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and protect the signal from external noise during transmission. It often uses threaded or bayonet connections to achieve a secure mechanical coupling.
The dielectric support, located between the inner and outer conductors, is typically made of low-loss materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ceramic, or polyethylene. The dielectric support not only secures the position of the inner conductor but also determines the connector's impedance characteristics (e.g., 50Ω or 75Ω), thereby affecting the signal transmission pattern.
The housing provides mechanical protection and environmental sealing and is typically made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel, anodized or plated for durability. The housing design also needs to consider ease of insertion and removal and environmental compatibility, such as waterproofing and dustproofing.
Furthermore, the structural design of RF coaxial connectors must consider factors such as contact resistance, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and mechanical life to ensure stability and reliability in high-frequency applications. By optimizing the materials and processes of each component, modern RF coaxial connectors meet the technological demands of high-end applications, from communications equipment to aerospace.